Prep the pan and oven: Heat the oven to 375°F (190°C). Grease a 9x13-inch baking dish with butter or spray.
Spread the thawed hashbrowns on a clean towel and press to remove excess moisture. Drier potatoes mean a better texture.
Cook the add-ins: In a skillet, melt 1 tablespoon butter over medium heat. Cook the onion and bell pepper with a pinch of salt until tender, 5–6 minutes.
If using sausage, cook and crumble it in the same pan, then drain off excess fat. Set aside.
Whisk the egg mixture: In a large bowl, whisk eggs, milk, and sour cream until smooth. Stir in 1 1/2 cups cheddar, garlic powder, onion powder, smoked paprika, salt, and pepper.
Assemble the casserole: Add hashbrowns, cooked onion/pepper, and sausage or bacon to the bowl.
Fold gently to combine. Taste the mixture (a small bit of potato/sausage) and adjust seasoning if needed.
Fill the dish: Pour the mixture into the prepared baking dish and spread evenly. Sprinkle the remaining 1/2 cup cheese on top for a golden, melty crust.
Bake: Place on the center rack and bake 40–50 minutes, until the edges are bubbling and the center is set.
A knife inserted near the middle should come out without liquid egg. If the top browns too fast, tent loosely with foil.
Rest and serve: Let it rest 10 minutes to firm up. Top with green onions.
Slice into squares and serve warm with hot sauce, salsa, or a dollop of sour cream.